{"id":158,"date":"2017-04-12T21:53:43","date_gmt":"2017-04-12T13:53:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.jsjs.org\/?p=158"},"modified":"2017-04-12T21:53:43","modified_gmt":"2017-04-12T13:53:43","slug":"linux-%e7%ac%94%e8%ae%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.jsjs.org\/?p=158","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u7b14\u8bb0"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"\u4e00\u57fa\u7840\" class=\"clickable-header top-level-header\">\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7840<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"1\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4\" class=\"clickable-header\">1\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">tty<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/th>\n<th>\u7ec8\u7aef\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\/dev\/pst\/#<\/td>\n<td>\u4f2a\u7ec8\u7aef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/dev\/tty#<\/td>\n<td>\u865a\u62df\u7ec8\u7aef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/dev\/console<\/td>\n<td>\u7269\u7406\u7ec8\u7aef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/dev\/ttys#<\/td>\n<td>\u4e32\u884c\u7ec8\u7aef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">who<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">bashname<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u57fa\u540d<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">dirname<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u540d<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">type<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">where<\/code> : \u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u54ea(zsh)<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">hash<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u7f13\u5b58<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">which<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u6240\u5728\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">man<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u53ef\u4e3a \u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u5e93\u8c03\u7528\u3001\u6e38\u620f\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4fbf\u5f52\u7c7b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u624b\u518c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a man \u4e0b\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u952e:\n<ul>\n<li>space : \u5411\u4e0b\u7ffb\u5c4f<\/li>\n<li>b : \u5411\u4e0a\u7ffb\u5c4f<\/li>\n<li>Enter : \u5411\u4e0b\u7ffb\u4e00\u884c<\/li>\n<li>k : \u5411\u4e0a\u7ffb\u4e00\u884c<\/li>\n<li>\/:keyword : \u5411\u4e0b\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u5b57<\/li>\n<li>?:keyword : \u5411\u4e0a\u67e5\u627e\u6587\u5b57<\/li>\n<li>n : \u5411\u4e0b\u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e<\/li>\n<li>N : \u5411\u4e0a\u5faa\u73af\u67e5\u627e<\/li>\n<li>q : \u9000\u51fa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>man \u5206\u6bb5\u673a\u5236\uff0c<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">man [num] commond<\/code> \u67e5\u770b\u6307\u5b9a\u7ae0\u8282\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u624b\u518c\n<ul>\n<li>1\u3001\u7528\u6237\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li>2\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528<\/li>\n<li>3\u3001\u5e93\u8c03\u7528<\/li>\n<li>4\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>5\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>6\u3001\u6e38\u620f<\/li>\n<li>7\u3001\u6742\u9879<\/li>\n<li>8\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">man -k<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u7ae0\u8282\u4fe1\u606f(\u6a21\u7cca\u67e5\u627e)\n<ul>\n<li>whatis : \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u7ae0\u8282\u4fe1\u606f(\u7cbe\u786e\u67e5\u627e)<\/li>\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7 makewhatis \u624b\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">info<\/code> : \u83b7\u53d6\u5728\u7ebf\u6587\u6863(\/usr\/share\/doc\/ \u79bb\u7ebf\u6587\u6863)<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">shutdown TIME<\/code> : \u5173\u673a\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-r<\/code> : \u91cd\u542f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-h<\/code> : \u5173\u673a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-c<\/code> : \u53d6\u6d88\u91cd\u542f\u6216\u5173\u673a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">shutdown<\/code> \u65f6\u95f4\u683c\u5f0f :\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">now<\/code> : \u7acb\u5373\u5173\u673a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">+#<\/code> : n \u5206\u949f\u540e\u5173\u673a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">hh:mm<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u673a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">date<\/code> : \u65f6\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">date MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">date [+FORMAT]<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5177\u4f53 man \u67e5\u770b\u683c\u5f0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">hwclock<\/code> : \u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-s<\/code> : \u628a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-w<\/code> : \u628a\u786c\u4ef6\u65f6\u949f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u59cb\u7ec8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">hitory<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-c<\/code> : \u6e05\u9664\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-d #<\/code> : \u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-a<\/code> : \u8ffd\u52a0\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u4ee4\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">ls<\/code> : \u5217\u51fa\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-a<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-A<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e . .. \u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">--color<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u989c\u8272\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4 \u2013color=always<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-d<\/code> : \u5982\u679c\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5219\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u672c\u8eab\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5c55\u793a\u5176\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-r<\/code> : \u9006\u5e8f\u663e\u793a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-R<\/code> : \u9012\u5f52\u73b0\u5b9e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-h<\/code> : \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-l<\/code> : \u957f\u683c\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5177\u4f53\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-i<\/code> : \u663e\u793a \u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">file<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u683c\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">echo<\/code> : \u56de\u663e(\u6253\u5370)\u5185\u5bb9\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-e<\/code> : \u652f\u6301\u63a7\u5236\u7b26\u663e\u793a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-e \"\\033[##m\u6587\u672c\\033[0m\"<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u672c\u989c\u8272\uff0c## \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u524d\u666f\u8272\uff0c3\u524d\u666f\u82724\u80cc\u666f\u8272\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662f\u989c\u8272\uff0c1~7\uff0c\u591a\u63a7\u5236\u7528 ; \u5206\u9694<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-n<\/code> : \u4e0d\u4e3a\u663e\u793a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u81ea\u52a8\u6362\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">cat<\/code> : \u6587\u4ef6\u8fde\u63a5\u663e\u793a\u547d\u4ee4\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-E<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u7ed3\u675f\u7b26 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$<\/code>\uff0c\u5728 Linux \u4e0b <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$<\/code> \u4e3a\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff0cWindows \u4e0b\u4e3a <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\n$<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-v<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u975e\u6253\u5370\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-e<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u5168\u90e8\u975e\u6253\u5370\u7b26\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6362\u884c\u7b26\uff0c\u5373\u5168\u5b57\u7b26\u663e\u793a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-n<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u884c\u53f7<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-s<\/code> : \u538b\u7f29\u663e\u793a\u7a7a\u767d\u884c\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7a7a\u767d\u884c\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u884c<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">cat file1 file2<\/code> : \u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">tac<\/code> : \u4e0e cat \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6309\u884c\u9006\u5e8f\u663e\u793a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">more<\/code> : \u5206\u9875\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7ffb\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u4ee5\u540e\u5219\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u524d\u7ffb\u9875\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">less<\/code> : \u4e0e man \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u524d\u540e\u7ffb\u9875\uff0cq \u9000\u51fa<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">head<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5934\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4 10 \u884c\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-n #<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u5934\u90e8 N \u884c<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">#<\/code> : \u4e0e -n # \u76f8\u540c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">tail<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8\u5185\u5bb9,\u9ed8\u8ba4 10\u884c\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-f<\/code> : \u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u6d4b\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">cp<\/code> : \u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-r<\/code> : \u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-i<\/code> : \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-a<\/code> : \u5f52\u6863\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-dr<\/code>\uff0c\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\uff0ccp \u9ed8\u8ba4\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-p<\/code> : \u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u6709\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-f<\/code> : \u5f3a\u5236\u8986\u76d6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">touch<\/code> : \u66f4\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-c<\/code> : \u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-t<\/code> : \u660e\u786e\u6307\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-a<\/code> : \u6539\u53d8\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-m<\/code> : \u6539\u53d8\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">stat<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u72b6\u6001\u5143\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">wc<\/code> : \u6587\u672c\u7edf\u8ba1\u547d\u4ee4\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-l<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u884c<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-c<\/code> : \u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u672c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5b57\u8282<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-w<\/code> : \u7edf\u8ba1\u6587\u672c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5355\u8bcd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">tr<\/code> : \u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u5982 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">cat \/etc\/passwd | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'<\/code>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-d<\/code> : \u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">cut<\/code> : \u5207\u5272\u5b57\u7b26\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-d'\u5b57\u7b26'<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u6bb5\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-f#<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u663e\u793a \u7684\u5217\uff0c\u5982 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">cut -d':' -f1 \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">tee<\/code> : \u5c06\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u53d1\u51fa\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u540c\u65f6\u8981\u663e\u793a\/\u4fdd\u5b58\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u4e14\u518d\u5c06\u5176\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053\u8f6c\u53d1\u81f3\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">sort<\/code> : \u6587\u672c\u6392\u5e8f\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-f<\/code> : \u5ffd\u7565\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-n<\/code> : \u5bf9\u6570\u503c\u6392\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-t<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-k<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u6392\u5e8f\u5b57\u6bb5<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-u<\/code> : \u91cd\u590d\u884c\u53ea\u663e\u793a\u4e00\u6b21<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">uniq<\/code> : \u53bb\u91cd\u7edf\u8ba1\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-c<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u884c\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u6b21\u6570<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-d<\/code> : \u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c(&gt;1)<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-u<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u4ece\u672a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">md5sum<\/code> : \u83b7\u53d6 md5 \u6458\u8981<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">sha1sum<\/code> : \u83b7\u53d6 sha1 \u52a0\u5bc6\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">read VARNAME<\/code> : \u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u503c\u5e76\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u53d8\u91cf\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-p<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u63d0\u793a\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-t<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">watch<\/code> : \u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-n #<\/code> : \u6bcf\u9694 # \u79d2\u8fd0\u884c\u5176\u540e\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"2linux-\u54f2\u5b66\" class=\"clickable-header\">2\u3001Linux \u54f2\u5b66<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd4\u56de\u6d88\u606f\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u6253\u6270\u7528\u6237<\/li>\n<li>\u7531\u4f17\u591a\u76ee\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5c0f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u5355\u4e00\u529f\u80fd<\/li>\n<li>\u7ec4\u5408\u76ee\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5c0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b8c\u6210\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1<\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u6587\u672c\u4fdd\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u63d0\u4f9b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"3bash-\u7279\u6027\" class=\"clickable-header\">3\u3001bash \u7279\u6027<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"31\u5f15\u7528\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.1\u3001\u5f15\u7528<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">''<\/code> : \u5f3a\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\"\"<\/code> : \u5f31\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u91cf\u66ff\u6362<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\"> <\/code><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\"> <\/code> : \u547d\u4ee4\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u66ff\u6362\u6210\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">${}<\/code> : \u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u4e0a\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">${VARNAME:-VALUE}<\/code> : \u5982\u679c VARNAME \u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd4\u56de VALUE \u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c<strong>\u6ce8\u610f VARNAME \u5e76\u672a\u88ab\u6539\u53d8<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"32\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5c55\u5f00\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.2\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5c55\u5f00<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\"><span class=\"p\">{}<\/span><\/code> \u4ee3\u8868\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u5c42\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">mkdir -p a\/{b,c}<\/code>\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u521b\u5efa <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">a\/b<\/code> \u548c <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">a\/c<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"33\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.3\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2<\/h4>\n<p>bash \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4fdd\u5b58\u4ee5\u524d\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">history<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4fdd\u5b581000\u884c\u5728 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">~\/.bash_history<\/code>\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">!#<\/code> : \u5feb\u901f\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d#\u53f7\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">!!<\/code> : \u5feb\u901f\u6267\u884c\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">!-#<\/code> : \u5feb\u901f\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u5012\u6570#\u53f7\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">!$<\/code> : \u5f15\u7528\u4e0a\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">!str<\/code> : \u5feb\u901f\u6267\u884c\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4ee5str \u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"34\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.4\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d<\/h4>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">alias<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u663e\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u522b\u540d\u3002 \u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u524d\u52a0\u53cd\u659c\u6760\u4ee3\u8868\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5982 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\ls<\/code>\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">alias \u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d='\u539f\u59cb\u547d\u4ee4'<\/code> \u5b9a\u4e49\u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">unalias \u547d\u4ee4\u522b\u540d<\/code> \u64a4\u9500\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u522b\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"35globbing-\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u901a\u914d\u7b26\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.5\u3001globbing \u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u901a\u914d\u7b26<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">*<\/code> : \u8868\u793a\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">?<\/code> : \u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[]<\/code> : \u5339\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u5b57\u7b26\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\n<ul>\n<li>[a-z] : \u6240\u6709\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5927\u5c0f\u5199<\/li>\n<li>[0-9] : \u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57<\/li>\n<li>[[:upper:]] : \u6240\u6709\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/li>\n<li>[[:lower:]] : \u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/li>\n<li>[[:alpha:]] : \u6240\u6709\u5b57\u6bcd<\/li>\n<li>[[:digit:]] : \u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57<\/li>\n<li>[[:alnum:]] : \u6570\u5b57\u52a0\u5b57\u6bcd<\/li>\n<li>[[:space:]] : \u7a7a\u767d\u7b26<\/li>\n<li>[[:punct:]] : \u6240\u6709\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[^]<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u53d6\u53cd\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"36bash-\u5feb\u6377\u952e\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.6\u3001bash \u5feb\u6377\u952e<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">Ctrl+a<\/code> : \u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u884c\u9996<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">Ctrl+e<\/code> : \u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u884c\u5c3e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">Ctrl+u<\/code> : \u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u5230\u884c\u9996<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">Ctrl+k<\/code> : \u5220\u9664\u5149\u6807\u5230\u884c\u5c3e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">Ctrl+z<\/code> : \u540e\u53f0\u5f53\u524d\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"37bash-\u8865\u5168\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.7\u3001bash \u8865\u5168<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168 : tab \u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u8865\u5168\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4ece PATH \u53d8\u91cf\u4ece\u5de6\u5411\u53f3\u8865\u5168<\/li>\n<li>\u8def\u5f84\u8865\u5168 : tab \u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u5168<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"38bash-\u53d8\u91cf\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.8\u3001bash \u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u672c\u5730\u53d8\u91cf : \u53ea\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d shell \u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5bf9\u5176\u5b50 shell \u5176\u4ed6 shell \u90fd\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[set] var=Value<\/code> \u58f0\u660e<\/li>\n<li>\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf : \u53ea\u5bf9\u6307\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">local var=value<\/code> \u58f0\u660e<\/li>\n<li>\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf : \u5bf9\u5f53\u524d shell \u548c\u5176\u5b50 shell \u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">export var=value<\/code> \u58f0\u660e<\/li>\n<li>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf : \u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$1<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u6b8a\u53d8\u91cf :\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$0<\/code> : \u811a\u672c\u540d\u79f0\u672c\u8eab<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$?<\/code> : \u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u662f <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">0~255<\/code>\uff1b<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">0<\/code> \u6210\u529f\uff0c<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">1~255<\/code> \u5931\u8d25<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$$<\/code> :<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$!<\/code> :<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$#<\/code> :<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$*<\/code> :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"4fhs-\u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u5c42\u7ea7\u6807\u51c6\" class=\"clickable-header\">4\u3001FHS \u6587\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55\u5c42\u7ea7\u6807\u51c6<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u76ee\u5f55<\/th>\n<th>\u529f\u80fd<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\/boot<\/td>\n<td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53cagrub(\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668bootloader)\u3001vmlinuz(\u5185\u6838)\u3001initrd(\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u5c0fLinux\u7cfb\u7edf)\u3001ramfs\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/dev<\/td>\n<td>\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u5757\u8bbe\u5907(\u968f\u673a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e0\u987a\u5e8f)\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907(\u7ebf\u6027\u8bbf\u95ee\u6709\u987a\u5e8f)\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7(\u4e3b\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7(major)\u548c\u6b21\u8bbe\u5907\u53f7(minor))<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/etc<\/td>\n<td>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/etc\/sysconfig<\/td>\n<td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/etc\/init.d<\/td>\n<td>\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b\u811a\u672c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/home<\/td>\n<td>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/lib<\/td>\n<td>\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u5185\u6838\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6(.a \u9759\u6001\u5e93\u3001.so \u52a8\u6001\u5e93)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/lost+found<\/td>\n<td>\u5b58\u50a8\u65ad\u7535\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5c1a\u672a\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/media<\/td>\n<td>\u6302\u8f7d\u79fb\u52a8\u8bbe\u5907\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/mnt<\/td>\n<td>\u6302\u8f7d\u786c\u76d8\u7b49\u8bbe\u5907\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/misc<\/td>\n<td>\u6742\u9879<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/opt<\/td>\n<td>\u65e9\u8d77\u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/proc<\/td>\n<td>\u4f2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u7a7a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u52a8\u540e\u5219\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u5b58\u653e\u5185\u6838\u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a\u5185\u6838\u53ef\u8c03\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5185\u6838\u5de5\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\uff1b\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u6838\u8c03\u4f18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/sys<\/td>\n<td>\u4f2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u76f8\u5173\u5c5e\u6027 \u6620\u5c04\u6587\u4ef6 \u6bd4\u5982\u4fee\u6539\u78c1\u76d8I\/O\u8c03\u5ea6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/srv<\/td>\n<td>\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/tmp<\/td>\n<td>\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6 \u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u91cc\u9762\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6 \u4f46\u53ea\u80fd\u5220\u9664\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 drwxrwxrwt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/var<\/td>\n<td>\u53ef\u53d8\u5316\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/bin<\/td>\n<td>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6(\u4efb\u610f\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u6267\u884c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/sbin<\/td>\n<td>\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/usr<\/td>\n<td>shared read-only \u5168\u5c40\u5171\u4eab\u53ea\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/usr\/include<\/td>\n<td>\u5934\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u65f6\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/usr\/bin<\/td>\n<td>\u5168\u5c40\u53ea\u8bfb\u5171\u4eab\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/usr\/sbin<\/td>\n<td>\u5168\u5c40\u53ea\u8bfb\u5171\u4eab\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/usr\/local<\/td>\n<td>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/usr\/local\/bin<\/td>\n<td>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/usr\/local\/sbin<\/td>\n<td>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/usr\/local\/lib<\/td>\n<td>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 id=\"5linux-\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\" class=\"clickable-header\">5\u3001Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"51linux-\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\" class=\"clickable-header\">5.1\u3001Linux \u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6 : <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-\/f<\/code> \u666e\u901a\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cLinux \u5e76\u4e0d\u6839\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u540e\u7f00\u533a\u5206\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<li>\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6 : <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">d<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u8def\u5f84\u6620\u5c04<\/li>\n<li>\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6 : <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">l<\/code> \u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u7528\u4e8e\u6620\u5c04\u5177\u4f53\u6587\u4ef6\uff1b\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 <strong>\u7d22\u5f15\u8282\u70b9\u53f7<\/strong> \u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u540c\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6837\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53c2\u8003 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/cn\/linux\/l-cn-hardandsymb-links\/\">Linux\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u786c\u8fde\u63a5<\/a>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">c\/b<\/code> : \u9f20\u6807\u952e\u76d8\u7b49\u4e3a <strong>\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907<\/strong>\uff0c\u6709\u5b58\u53d6\u987a\u5e8f\uff0cc \u6807\u8bc6\uff1b\u786c\u76d8\u7b49\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a <strong>\u5757\u8bbe\u5907<\/strong>\uff0c\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u968f\u673a\u5b58\u53d6\uff0cb \u6807\u8bc6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">p<\/code> : \u7528\u4e8e\u94fe\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">s<\/code> : \u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u65f6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u8baf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"52linux-\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\" class=\"clickable-header\">5.2\u3001Linux \u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4: \u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4: \u4fee\u6539\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5373\u6587\u4ef6\u771f\u5b9e\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5199\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\u95f4: \u6587\u4ef6\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5373\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7b49\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5f53\u4e24\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\u95f4\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"6\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\" class=\"clickable-header\">6\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"61\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u522b\" class=\"clickable-header\">6.1\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7c7b\u522b<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ba1\u7406\u5458 : 0<\/li>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237 : 1-65535\n<ul>\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237 : 1-499<\/li>\n<li>\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237 : 500-65535<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"62\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\" class=\"clickable-header\">6.2\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\/etc\/passwd<\/code> : \u7528\u6237\u4e3b\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f : <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\u7528\u6237\u540d:x:UID:GID:finger(\u5907\u6ce8\u4fe1\u606f):HOME:SHELL<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\/etc\/shadow<\/code> : \u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6\n<ul>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f : <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\u7528\u6237\u540d:\u52a0\u5bc6\u540e\u7684\u5bc6\u7801:\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b21\u5bc6\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4:\u6700\u77ed\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650:\u6700\u957f\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650:\u8b66\u544a\u533a\u95f4:\u975e\u6d3b\u52a8\u533a\u95f4:\u8d26\u53f7\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4:\u9884\u7559<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\/etc\/group<\/code> : \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\/etc\/gshadow<\/code> : \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\u5b58\u50a8\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"63\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\" class=\"clickable-header\">6.3\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">useradd USERNAME<\/code> : \u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-u<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237 UID<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-g<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4 GID\uff0c\u4f46\u662fGID\u5fc5\u987b\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-G<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u989d\u5916\u7ec4 GID\uff0c\u7ec4\u5fc5\u987b\u4e8b\u5148\u5b58\u5728<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-d<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u5236<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-c<\/code> : \u5907\u6ce8\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-s<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237 shell\uff0c\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\/etc\/shells<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u5b89\u5168 shell\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u767b\u5f55\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-r<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\uff0cUID \u5728 1~499 \u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u7528\u6237\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-p<\/code> : \u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-m<\/code> : \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55(\u9ed8\u8ba4)<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-M<\/code> : \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-D<\/code> : \u4e3a useradd \u547d\u4ee4\u6307\u5b9a\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u65f6\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">groupadd GRPNAME<\/code> : \u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-g<\/code> : \u521b\u5efa\u7ec4\u5e76\u4e3a\u5176\u6307\u5b9a GID<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"65\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\" class=\"clickable-header\">6.5\u3001\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">userdel USERNAME<\/code> : \u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u79fb\u9664\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-f<\/code>, <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">--force<\/code> : \u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b64\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u5236\u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-h<\/code>, <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">--help<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u6b64\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u63a8\u51fa<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-r<\/code>, <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">--remove<\/code> : \u5220\u9664\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u548c\u90ae\u4ef6\u6c60<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-R<\/code>, <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">--root CHROOT_DIR<\/code> : chroot \u5230\u7684\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-Z<\/code>, <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">--selinux-user<\/code> : \u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u5220\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7684 SELinux \u7528\u6237\u6620\u5c04<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">groupdel GRPNAME<\/code> : \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u672a\u5220\u9664\u65f6\u65e0\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"66\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539\" class=\"clickable-header\">6.6\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4fee\u6539<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">chsh USERNAME<\/code> : \u6539\u53d8\u7528\u6237\u9ed8\u8ba4 shell<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">chfn USERNAME<\/code> : \u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u63cf\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">usermod USERNAME<\/code> : \u6539\u53d8\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-u<\/code> : \u6539\u53d8\u7528\u6237 UID<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-g<\/code> : \u6539\u53d8\u7528\u6237 GID<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-G<\/code> : \u6539\u53d8\u7528\u6237\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6765\u7684\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u548c <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-a<\/code> \u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-a<\/code> : \u4fee\u6539\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u8ffd\u52a0\uff0c\u4e0d\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6709\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-c<\/code> : \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u6ce8\u91ca<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-d<\/code> : \u4fee\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fc1\u79fb\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u8fc1\u79fb\u9700\u8981\u914d\u5408 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-m<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-m<\/code> : \u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\u8fc1\u79fb\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-s<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684 shell<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-l<\/code> : \u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u540d<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-L<\/code> : \u9501\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-U<\/code> : \u89e3\u9501\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">chage<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u671f\u9650\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-d<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6700\u8fd1\u5bc6\u7801\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-E<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-I<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u5931\u6548\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-m<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u77ed\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-M<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u6700\u957f\u4f7f\u7528\u671f\u9650<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-W<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8b66\u544a\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">groupmod GRPNAME<\/code> : \u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u4fee\u6539\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-g<\/code> : \u6539\u53d8\u7ec4\u7684 GID<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-n<\/code> : \u6539\u53d8\u7ec4\u540d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">newgrp GRPNAME<\/code> : \u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"7\u7ba1\u9053\u4e0e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\" class=\"clickable-header\">7\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u4e0e\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"71\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\" class=\"clickable-header\">7.1\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">&lt;<\/code> : \u7528\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5982<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' &lt; \/etc\/passwd<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">&lt;&lt;<\/code> : \u6b64\u5904\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u83dc\u5355\uff0c\u540c <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">EOF<\/code> \u7ed3\u675f\u7b26\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"language-sh highlighter-rouge\">\n<pre class=\"highlight\"><code>cat <span class=\"sh\">&lt;&lt; EOF\n1\u3001test1\n2\u3001test2\n3\u3001test4\n4\u3001test4\nEOF\n<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"72\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\" class=\"clickable-header\">7.2\u3001\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">&gt;<\/code> : \u8986\u76d6\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u8be5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">&gt;&gt;<\/code> : \u8ffd\u52a0\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\uff0c\u8be5\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4f1a\u5c06\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\u8ffd\u52a0\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">set -C<\/code> : \u7981\u6b62\u4f7f\u7528\u8986\u76d6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">set +C<\/code> : \u4e0e\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u76f8\u53cd<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">&gt;|<\/code> : \u5728 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">set -C<\/code> \u4e0b\u5f3a\u5236\u8986\u76d6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">2&gt;<\/code> : \u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u8986\u76d6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">2&gt;&gt;<\/code> : \u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u8ffd\u52a0\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">&amp;&gt;<\/code> : \u540c\u65f6\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u9519\u8bef\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"73\u7ba1\u9053\" class=\"clickable-header\">7.3\u3001\u7ba1\u9053<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">|<\/code> : \u7ba1\u9053\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u524d\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u914d\u5408 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">tee<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0 T \u5f62\u7ba1\u9053<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"\u4e8cbash-\u7f16\u7a0b\" class=\"clickable-header top-level-header\">\u4e8c\u3001bash \u7f16\u7a0b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">bash -n FILE<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5 bash \u811a\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"1\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\" class=\"clickable-header\">1\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"11\u5217\u8868\u751f\u6210\" class=\"clickable-header\">1.1\u3001\u5217\u8868\u751f\u6210<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\"><span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"err\">startNum..endNum<\/span><span class=\"p\">}<\/span><\/code> : \u751f\u6210\u6570\u5b57\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5982 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\"><span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"err\">1..10<\/span><span class=\"p\">}<\/span><\/code> \u5c55\u5f00\u4e3a1~10<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">seq<\/code> : \u751f\u6210\u5217\u8868\u547d\u4ee4\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">seq start end<\/code> : \u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u503c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u751f\u6210\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u76f4\u63a5\u8587<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">seq start Steps end<\/code> : \u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u503c\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u6b65\u957f\u751f\u6210\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5982 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">seq 1 3 10<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u4ece 1 \u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u6b65\u957f\u4e3a 3 \u751f\u6210\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5230 10 \u622a\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"12for-\u5faa\u73af\" class=\"clickable-header\">1.2\u3001for \u5faa\u73af<\/h4>\n<div class=\"language-sh highlighter-rouge\">\n<pre class=\"highlight\"><code><span class=\"k\">for <\/span>varName <span class=\"k\">in <\/span>arry;do\n  somrthing\n<span class=\"k\">done<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"13bash-\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\" class=\"clickable-header\">1.3\u3001bash \u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">declare<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u58f0\u660e\u7c7b\u578b\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">i<\/code> : \u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3a\u6574\u578b<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">x<\/code> : \u58f0\u660e\u53d8\u91cf\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0e <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">export<\/code> \u7c7b\u4f3c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">let COMMOND<\/code> : \u5c06\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u89c6\u4e3a\u7b97\u662f\u8fd0\u7b97<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$[COMMOND]<\/code> : \u540c <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">let<\/code> \u76f8\u540c<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$((COMMOND))<\/code> : \u540c <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">let<\/code> \u76f8\u540c<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">`expr COMMOND`<\/code> : \u540c <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">let<\/code> \u76f8\u540c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>bash \u652f\u6301\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7b97\u672f\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u5982 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">+\u3001-\u3001*\u3001\/\u3001++\u3001--\u3001%<\/code> \u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f bash <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\/<\/code> \u8fd0\u7b97\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u5706\u6574\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5c0f\u6570\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"14\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf\" class=\"clickable-header\">1.4\u3001\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53d8\u91cf<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$0<\/code> : \u811a\u672c\u81ea\u8eab<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$1 ...<\/code> : \u811a\u672c\u7684\u7b2c N \u4e2a\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$#<\/code> : \u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e2a\u6570<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$*<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$@<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"2grep-\u4e0e-\u6b63\u5219\" class=\"clickable-header\">2\u3001grep \u4e0e \u6b63\u5219<\/h3>\n<p>grep \u7528\u4e8e\u6839\u636e <strong>\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong> \u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5176\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<div class=\"language-sh highlighter-rouge\">\n<pre class=\"highlight\"><code>grep <span class=\"o\">[<\/span>\u9009\u9879]... PATTERN <span class=\"o\">[<\/span>FILE]...\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>v : \u53cd\u5411\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u975e\u547d\u4e2d\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u884c<\/li>\n<li>o : \u53ea\u663e\u793a\u884c\u5f53\u4e2d\u88ab\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6574\u884c<\/li>\n<li>i : \u4e0d\u533a\u5206\u5b57\u7b26\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5339\u914d<\/li>\n<li>E : \u652f\u6301\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>A # : \u663e\u793a\u88ab\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u6781\u5176\u540e\u9762\u7684 # \u884c<\/li>\n<li>B # : \u663e\u793a\u88ab\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u6781\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684 # \u884c<\/li>\n<li>C # : \u663e\u793a\u88ab\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5230\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u6781\u5176\u524d\u540e\u7684 # \u884c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"21\u57fa\u672c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\" class=\"clickable-header\">2.1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<p><strong>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684 grep \u6b63\u5219\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u8d2a\u5a6a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\u5339\u914d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b57\u7b26\u5339\u914d\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">.<\/code> : \u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[]<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5982 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[a-z]<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[^]<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5916\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\uff0c\u5982 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[^A-Z]<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5e38\u7528\u5b57\u7b26\u5339\u914d\u89c4\u5219\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[0-9]<\/code>\uff0c<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[[:digit:]]<\/code> : \u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[a-z]<\/code>\uff0c<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[[:lower:]]<\/code> : \u6240\u6709\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[A-Z]<\/code>\uff0c<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[[:upper:]]<\/code> : \u6240\u6709\u5927\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[a-zA-Z]<\/code>\uff0c<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[[:alpha:]]<\/code> : \u6240\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[a-zA-Z0-9]<\/code>\uff0c<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[[:alnum:]]<\/code> : \u6240\u6709\u5927\u5c0f\u5199\u5b57\u6bcd\u52a0\u6570\u5b57<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[[:space:]]<\/code> : \u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u767d\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[[:punct:]]<\/code> : \u6240\u6709\u6807\u70b9\u7b26\u53f7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6b21\u6570\u5339\u914d\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">*<\/code> : \u5339\u914d\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4efb\u610f\u6b21\uff0c<strong><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">.*<\/code> \u4ee3\u8868\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u610f\u957f\u5ea6\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\?<\/code> : \u5339\u914d\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b260\u6b21\u62161\u6b21,<strong><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\<\/code> \u4ee3\u8868\u8f6c\u4e49<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\{m\\}<\/code> : \u5339\u914d\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b26m\u6b21<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\{m,n\\}<\/code> : \u5339\u914d\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u81f3\u5c11\u6bcf\u6b21\u6700\u591an\u6b21<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\{m,\\}<\/code> : \u5339\u914d\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u81f3\u5c11m\u6b21<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\{0,n\\}<\/code> : \u5339\u914d\u5176\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u6700\u591an\u6b21<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u951a\u5b9a\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">^<\/code> : \u951a\u5b9a\u884c\u9996\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u884c\u9996<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$<\/code>: \u951a\u5b9a\u884c\u5c3e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5199\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u884c\u5c3e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">^$<\/code> : <strong>\u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u767d\u884c<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\&lt;<\/code> : \u951a\u5b9a\u8bcd\u9996<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\&gt;<\/code> : \u951a\u5b9a\u8bcd\u5c3e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u7ec4\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\(\\)<\/code> : \u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u5185\u5bb9\u5f53\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u5bf9\u5f85<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5f15\u7528\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\1<\/code> : \u540e\u5411\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u524d\u9762\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7ec4\u6a21\u5f0f\u6240\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u5982 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\2<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"22\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\" class=\"clickable-header\">2.2\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5b57\u7b26\u5339\u914d\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">.<\/code> : \u4efb\u610f\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[]<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[^]<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5916\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u6b21\u6570\u5339\u914d\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">*<\/code> : \u4efb\u610f\u6b21<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">?<\/code> : 0\u6b21\u62161\u6b21<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">+<\/code> : \u81f3\u5c111\u6b21<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\"><span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"err\">m<\/span><span class=\"p\">}<\/span><\/code> : m\u6b21<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\"><span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"err\">m,n<\/span><span class=\"p\">}<\/span><\/code> : \u81f3\u5c11m\u6b21\uff0c\u6700\u591an\u6b21<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\"><span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"err\">m,<\/span><span class=\"p\">}<\/span><\/code> : \u81f3\u5c11m\u6b21<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\"><span class=\"p\">{<\/span><span class=\"err\">0,n<\/span><span class=\"p\">}<\/span><\/code> : \u6700\u591an\u6b21<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u4f4d\u7f6e\u951a\u5b9a\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">^<\/code> : \u951a\u5b9a\u884c\u9996<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$<\/code> : \u951a\u5b9a\u884c\u5c3e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\&lt;<\/code>\u3001<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\b<\/code> : \u951a\u5b9a\u8bcd\u9996<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\&gt;<\/code>\u3001<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\\b<\/code> : \u951a\u5b9a\u8bcd\u5c3e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u5206\u7ec4\u5339\u914d\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">()<\/code> : \u5206\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">|<\/code> : \u6216\u8005<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"3bash-\u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad\" class=\"clickable-header\">3\u3001bash \u6761\u4ef6\u5224\u65ad<\/h3>\n<h4 id=\"31bash-\u6d4b\u8bd5\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.1\u3001bash \u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<p>bash \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u683c\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/p>\n<div class=\"language-sh highlighter-rouge\">\n<pre class=\"highlight\"><code><span class=\"nb\">test <\/span>EXPRESSION\n<span class=\"o\">[<\/span> EXPRESSION <span class=\"o\">]<\/span>\n<span class=\"o\">[[<\/span> EXPREXXION <span class=\"o\">]]<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"32bash-\u5224\u65ad\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.2\u3001bash \u5224\u65ad<\/h4>\n<p>bash \u4e00\u822c\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b3\u79cd\u5224\u65ad<\/p>\n<h5 id=\"321\u5355\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.2.1\u3001\u5355\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad<\/h5>\n<div class=\"language-sh highlighter-rouge\">\n<pre class=\"highlight\"><code><span class=\"k\">if <\/span>\u6761\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5; <span class=\"k\">then\n    <\/span>\u5206\u652f\u8bed\u53e5\n<span class=\"k\">fi<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h5 id=\"322\u53cc\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.2.2\u3001\u53cc\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad<\/h5>\n<div class=\"language-sh highlighter-rouge\">\n<pre class=\"highlight\"><code><span class=\"k\">if <\/span>\u6761\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5; <span class=\"k\">then\n    <\/span>\u5206\u652f\u8bed\u53e51\n<span class=\"k\">else\n    <\/span>\u5206\u652f\u8bed\u53e52\n<span class=\"k\">fi<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h5 id=\"323\u591a\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.2.3\u3001\u591a\u5206\u652f\u5224\u65ad<\/h5>\n<div class=\"language-sh highlighter-rouge\">\n<pre class=\"highlight\"><code><span class=\"k\">if <\/span>\u6761\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd51; <span class=\"k\">then\n    <\/span>\u5206\u652f\u8bed\u53e51\n<span class=\"k\">elif <\/span>\u6761\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd52; <span class=\"k\">then\n    <\/span>\u5206\u652f\u8bed\u53e52\n<span class=\"k\">elif <\/span>\u6761\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd53; <span class=\"k\">then\n    <\/span>\u5206\u652f\u8bed\u53e53\n...\n<span class=\"k\">else\n    <\/span>\u5206\u652f\u8bed\u53e5n\n<span class=\"k\">fi<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h4 id=\"33\u6574\u6570\u6d4b\u8bd5\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.3\u3001\u6574\u6570\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<p>\u6574\u6570\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5143\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5176\u683c\u5f0f\u5927\u81f4\u4e3a <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[ num1 OPRAND num2 ]<\/code>\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4e0b<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-gt<\/code> : \u5927\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-lt<\/code> : \u5c0f\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-ge<\/code> : \u5927\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-le<\/code> : \u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">eq<\/code> : \u7b49\u4e8e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 id=\"34\u5b57\u7b26\u6d4b\u8bd5\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.4\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">&gt;<\/code> : \u5927\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">&lt;<\/code> : \u5c0f\u4e8e<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">==<\/code> : \u7b49\u4e8e\uff0c\u5728 bash \u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7531\u4e8e\u53d8\u91cf\u8d4b\u503c\u65f6\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u52a0 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$<\/code>\uff0c\u800c\u7b49\u503c\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\u5219\u4f1a\u52a0\u4e0a <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$<\/code>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">=<\/code> \u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u7b49\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u9274\u4e8e\u89c4\u8303\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u5199<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">=~<\/code> : \u5de6\u4fa7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u53f3\u4fa7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5224\u65ad\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[[]]<\/code> \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff1b<strong>\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0d\u8981\u52a0\u5f15\u53f7<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-n<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a7a\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u7a7a\u4e3a\u5047<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-z<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u7a7a\uff0c\u7a7a\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a7a\u4e3a\u5047<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b26\u4e24\u8fb9\u8981\u6709\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u5982 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[ \"str1\" == \"str2\" ]<\/code><\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"35\u6587\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.5\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<p><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-e<\/code>\u3001<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-a<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u8fd4\u56de true <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-f<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u6587\u4ef6 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-d<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u76ee\u5f55\u6587\u4ef6 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-b<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u5757\u8bbe\u5907 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-c<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-h<\/code>\u3001<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-L<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-p<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u7ba1\u9053\u6587\u4ef6 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-r<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\u8bfb\u6743\u9650 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-w<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\u5199\u6743\u9650 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-x<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u5177\u6709\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-S<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u5957\u63a5\u5b57\u6587\u4ef6<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-s<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u4e3a\u7a7a <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">file1 -nt file2<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5 file1 \u662f\u5426\u6bd4 file2 \u66f4\u65b0(\u6700\u8fd1\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4)<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">file1 -ot file2<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5 file1 \u662f\u5426\u6bd4 file2 \u66f4\u8001(\u6700\u8fd1\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4) <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">file1 -ef file2<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5 file1 \u548c file2 \u662f\u5426\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u4ee5\u53ca inode \u662f\u5426\u76f8\u540c<\/p>\n<h4 id=\"36\u811a\u672c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9000\u51fa\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.6\u3001\u811a\u672c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9000\u51fa<\/h4>\n<h5 id=\"361\u811a\u672c\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.6.1\u3001\u811a\u672c\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/h5>\n<p><strong>\u9ed8\u8ba4 bash \u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">$?<\/code> \u83b7\u53d6\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">0<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f\uff0c<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">1~255<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h5 id=\"362\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.6.2\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/h5>\n<p><strong>bash \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">exit NUM<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u672c\u7684\u9000\u51fa\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 bash \u9ed8\u8ba4\u91c7\u7528\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u811a\u672c\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u8bba\u524d\u9762\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u662f\u5426\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u53ea\u8fd4\u56de\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 id=\"37shift\" class=\"clickable-header\">3.7\u3001shift<\/h4>\n<p><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">shift<\/code> : \u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u8f6e\u66ff<\/p>\n<p>shift \u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u66ff\u6362\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u8be5\u811a\u672c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 shift \u5c06\u81ea\u52a8\u66ff\u6362 $1 \u4e3a\u540e\u9762\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e java \u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668<\/p>\n<div class=\"language-sh highlighter-rouge\">\n<pre class=\"highlight\"><code><span class=\"c\">#!\/bin\/bash<\/span>\n<span class=\"nv\">sum<\/span><span class=\"o\">=<\/span>0\n<span class=\"k\">for <\/span>i <span class=\"k\">in<\/span> <span class=\"sb\">`<\/span>seq 1 <span class=\"nv\">$#`<\/span>;<span class=\"k\">do\n  <\/span><span class=\"nb\">let <\/span>sum+<span class=\"o\">=<\/span><span class=\"nv\">$1<\/span>\n  <span class=\"nb\">shift\n<\/span><span class=\"k\">done\n<\/span><span class=\"nb\">echo<\/span> <span class=\"nv\">$sum<\/span>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"\u4e09\u78c1\u76d8\u7ba1\u7406\" class=\"clickable-header top-level-header\">\u4e09\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"1\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\" class=\"clickable-header\">1\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6309\u540d\u79f0\u5b58\u53d6\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u5bf9\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u5b89\u88c5\u591a\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5206\u533a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/li>\n<li>track: \u78c1\u9053\u662f\u6709\u5382\u5546\u5212\u5206\u597d\u7684<\/li>\n<li>\u4efb\u610f\u78c1\u76d8\u4e0a\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u6247\u533a\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u65f6\u95f4\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u5bfb\u9053\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"2mbrmaster-boot-record\" class=\"clickable-header\">2\u3001MBR(Master Boot Record)<\/h3>\n<p>MBR(Master Boot Record) \u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5b58\u653e\u4e0e\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u7b2c0\u4e2a\u6247\u533a\uff0c\u5176\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u3001\u5f15\u5bfc\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u901a\u5e38 MBR \u4e3a 512 byte\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d bootloader(\u5f15\u5bfc\u52a0\u8f7d\u5668) \u5360\u7528 446 byte\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u6bcf16\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u533a\uff0c2\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u88ab\u586b\u5145\u4e862\u4e2a5A\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3aMBR\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5 MBR \u5206\u533a\u8868\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\u6700\u591a\u6709 4 \u4e2a\u4e3b\u5206\u533a\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"3\u786c\u76d8\u63a5\u53e3\" class=\"clickable-header\">3\u3001\u786c\u76d8\u63a5\u53e3<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>IDE(ATA) : \u5e76\u53e3\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u53ef\u63a5\u4e24\u4e2a\u786c\u76d8\uff0cmaster\/slave\uff0c133MB\/S<\/li>\n<li>\/dev\/hd[a-z]\n<ul>\n<li>\/dev\/hda[1-4]<\/li>\n<li>\/dev\/hda[5+] \u903b\u8f91\u5206\u533a5\u5f00\u59cb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>SCSI : Small Computer System Interface \u5c0f\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u901f\u7387320mb\/s<\/li>\n<li>SATA(Serial) : 300Mbps,600Mbps,6Gbps<\/li>\n<li>SAS : 6Gbps<\/li>\n<li>\u4ece CentOS6 \u5f00\u59cb\u78c1\u76d8\u5168\u90e8\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a sda<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"4\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\" class=\"clickable-header\">4\u3001\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">fdisk<\/code> : \u78c1\u76d8\u5206\u533a\u547d\u4ee4\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-l<\/code> : \u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u78c1\u76d8\u548c\u5206\u533a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-d<\/code> : \u5220\u9664\u5206\u533a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-n<\/code> : \u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u533a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-p<\/code> : \u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u6709\u5206\u533a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-t<\/code> : \u8c03\u81f3\u5206\u533aID<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-l<\/code> : \u5217\u51fa\u5185\u6838\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5206\u533aid<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-w<\/code> : \u4fdd\u5b58\u9000\u51fa<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-q<\/code> : \u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u9000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">partprobe<\/code> : \u91cd\u8bfb\u7cfb\u7edf\u78c1\u76d8\u4fe1\u606f(CentOS5)<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">partx<\/code>\u3001<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">kpartx<\/code> : \u91cd\u8bfb\u7cfb\u7edf\u78c1\u76d8\u4fe1\u606f(CentOS6)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u822c CentOS6 \u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u6709\u65f6\u4e0d\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u89c4\u5f8b\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6267\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0d\u884c\u91cd\u542f\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"language-sh highlighter-rouge\">\n<pre class=\"highlight\"><code>kpartx -l \/dev\/sda\nkpartx -af \/dev\/sda\npartx -a \/dev\/sda\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u663e\u793a\u5185\u6838\u5f53\u524d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u786c\u76d8\u4fe1\u606f <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">cat \/proc\/partitions<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u663e\u793a\u5185\u6838\u5f53\u524d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">cat \/proc\/meminfo<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u663e\u793a\u5185\u6838\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">cat \/proc\/filesystem<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bc6\u522b\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u78c1\u76d8\u8bbe\u5907 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">ls \/dev\/sda*<\/code><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">mkfs DEV<\/code> : \u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf(\u683c\u5f0f\u5316)\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-t FSTYPE DEV<\/code> : \u5c06\u6307\u5b9a\u8bbe\u5907\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6210\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">mke2fs DEV<\/code> : ext2 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c<strong>\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u4e8e <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\/etc\/mke2fs<\/code>\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u547d\u4ee4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-t<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u540c <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">mkfs -t<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-j<\/code> : \u5feb\u901f\u521b\u5efa ext3 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u540c <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">mkfs -t ext3<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-L<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u5377\u6807<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-b<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u53ef\u9009\u503c <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">1024|2018|4096<\/code>\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba44k<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-i<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e inode \u503c(\u591a\u5c11\u5b57\u8282\u9884\u7559\u4e00\u4e2a inode)\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-N<\/code> : \u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u9884\u7559\u591a\u5c11 inode<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-I<\/code> : \u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a inode \u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-m<\/code> : \u9884\u7559\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u7a7a\u95f4\u767e\u5206\u6bd4(\u7528\u4e8e\u78c1\u76d8\u6cbe\u6ee1\u65f6\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u4f7f\u7528)\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4 5%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">e2label DEV<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u5377\u6807<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">e2label DEV LABEL_NAME<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5377\u6807<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">blkid DEV<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5168\u5c40\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u793a UUID \u548c \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b TYPE<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">dumpe2fs DEV<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\u3001\u5757\u7ec4\u3001\u5757\u4f4d\u56fe\u3001inode \u4f4d\u56fe\u3001inode \u8868\u3001\u7a7a\u95f2\u5757\u3001\u7a7a\u95f2 inode \u7b49\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-h<\/code> : \u4ec5\u663e\u793a \u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-o<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u663e\u793a\u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">tune2fs<\/code> : \u8c03\u6574\u78c1\u76d8\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c<strong>\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8c03\u6574<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-l DEV<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u8d85\u7ea7\u5757\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-L LABEL<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5377\u6807<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-m #<\/code> : \u8c03\u6574\u9884\u7559\u767e\u5206\u6bd4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-j<\/code> : \u8c03\u6574\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a ext2\uff0c\u5219\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u5c06\u65e0\u635f\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a ext3\uff0cext3 \u8f6c ext2 \u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u6302\u8f7d\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\u4e3a ext2 \u5373\u53ef<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-c #<\/code> : \u6bcf\u6302\u8f7d # \u6b21\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-o [^]mount-options[,...]<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879(<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">^<\/code>\u4ee3\u8868\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u4ee3\u8868\u542f\u52a8)\uff0c\u5982 acl \u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868\u7b49<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-O [^]feature[,...]<\/code> : \u8c03\u6574\u5176\u5206\u533a\u7279\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">fsck<\/code> : \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u68c0\u6d4b\u547d\u4ee4\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-t FSTYPE DEV<\/code> : \u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\u68c0\u6d4b\u78c1\u76d8<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-f DEV<\/code> : \u5f3a\u884c\u68c0\u6d4b<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-r<\/code> : \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u63d0\u9192\u4fee\u590d\u9519\u8bef<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-a<\/code> : \u81ea\u52a8\u4fee\u590d\u9519\u8bef<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">e2fsck<\/code> : \u5feb\u901f\u68c0\u6d4b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf(\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5feb\u6377\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u5224\u5b9a)\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-f<\/code> : \u5f3a\u5236\u68c0\u6d4b<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-t<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u6570<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-y<\/code> : \u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u7b54\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5168\u90e8 yes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a<\/code> : \u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">mkswap DEV<\/code> : \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-L<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u5377\u6807<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">swapon<\/code>\u3001<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">swapoff<\/code> : \u542f\u52a8\u3001\u7981\u7528\u4ea4\u6362\u533a\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-a<\/code> : \u542f\u7528\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6362\u533a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-p #<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7(\u4ec5 on)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">hdparm<\/code> : \u8bfb\u53d6\u78c1\u76d8\u786c\u4ef6\u4fe1\u606f\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">i<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u78c1\u76d8\u78c1\u5934\u4fe1\u606f(\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u6838)<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">I<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u78c1\u76d8\u78c1\u5934\u4fe1\u606f(\u901a\u8fc7\u786c\u4ef6)<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">g<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u78c1\u76d8\u786c\u4ef6\u5e03\u5c40\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">t<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u78c1\u76d8 buffer cache \u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">T<\/code> : \u6d4b\u8bd5\u78c1\u76d8\u76f4\u63a5\u8bfb\u53d6\u5199\u5165\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"5\u78c1\u76d8\u6302\u8f7d\" class=\"clickable-header\">5\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u6302\u8f7d<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6302\u8f7d:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u624b\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6309\u9700\u6302\u8f7d<\/strong> : \u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ed3\u675f\u5378\u8f7d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/code> : \u4e00\u65e6\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff0c\u5219\u539f\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u5c06\u88ab\u6682\u65f6\u9690\u85cf\uff0c\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u624d\u53ef\u88ab\u5378\u8f7d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5236\u5378\u8f7d<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">mount [options] [-t fstype] [-o options] DEV DIR<\/code> : \u6302\u8f7d\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u9879\u9ed8\u8ba4\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u6302\u5728\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e86 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\/proc\/mounts<\/code>\uff0c<strong><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\/etc\/mtab<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u653e\u4e86\u6240\u6709 mount \u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-t<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-r<\/code> : \u53ea\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u6302\u8f7d<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-w<\/code> : \u8bfb\u5199\u6302\u8f7d<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-o<\/code> : \u6307\u5b9a\u989d\u5916\u7684 options<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-L<\/code> : \u6839\u636e\u5377\u8fb9\u6302\u8f7d<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">LABLE='XXXX'<\/code> : \u6839\u636e\u5377\u6807\u6302\u8f7d<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-U<\/code> : \u4ee5 UUID \u65b9\u5f0f\u6302\u8f7d<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">UUID='xxxx'<\/code> : \u4ee5 UUID \u65b9\u5f0f\u6302\u8f7d<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-a<\/code> : \u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u7684\u8bbe\u5907(\u9700\u5148\u5728\/etc\/fstab\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">mount -o<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u78c1\u76d8\u786c\u4ef6\u5c5e\u6027\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">async<\/code> : \u542f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65 I\/O<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">sync<\/code> : \u542f\u7528\u540c\u6b65 I\/O<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">atime<\/code> : \u542f\u7528\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">noatime<\/code> : \u7981\u7528\u5b9e\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">auto<\/code> : \u542f\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d(-a \u652f\u6301\u8bbe\u5907)<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">noauto<\/code> : \u7981\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d(-a \u652f\u6301\u8bbe\u5907)<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">exec<\/code> : \u5f00\u542f\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">noexec<\/code> : \u7981\u6b62\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">group<\/code> : \u6b64\u7ec4\u5185\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u6302\u8f7d\u8be5\u8bbe\u5907<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">_netdev<\/code> : \u7981\u6b62\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u524d\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u5728\u9700\u8981\u6302\u8f7d\u7f51\u7edc\u786c\u76d8\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\uff0c\u5f53\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u5907\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u524d\u6302\u8f7d\u7f51\u7edc\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5361\u6b7b\uff0c\u6b64\u9009\u9879\u53ef\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7edc\u8c01\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u540e\u624d\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u6302\u8f7d<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">remount<\/code> : \u81ea\u52a8\u91cd\u65b0\u6302\u8f7d<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">ro<\/code> : \u6302\u8f7d\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bfb<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">rw<\/code> : \u6302\u8f7d\u4e3a\u8bfb\u5199<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">acl<\/code> : \u542f\u7528\u6587\u4ef6\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">umount DEV|MOUNT_POINT<\/code> : \u5378\u8f7d\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">fuser OPTIONS DEV<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u8bbf\u95ee\u5360\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-v<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u54ea\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u6b63\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u78c1\u76d8<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-k<\/code> : \u6740\u6b7b\u6b63\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u78c1\u76d8\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-m<\/code> : \u6307\u660e\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9(\u4e00\u822ckm\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u8e22\u51fa\u5360\u7528\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u7528\u6237)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">df DEV<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u5360\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a0\u8bbe\u5907\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-h<\/code> : \u4ee5\u4ee5\u4eba\u6613\u8bfb\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u663e\u793a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-i<\/code> : \u663e\u793a inode \u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">du<\/code> : \u8bc4\u4f30\u6587\u4ef6\u5360\u7528\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u60c5\u51b5\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-s<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u5927\u5c0f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"6\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\" class=\"clickable-header\">6\u3001\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\/etc\/rc.d\/rc.sysinit<\/code> : \u7cfb\u7edf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6302\u8f7d <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\/etc\/fstab<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u7b49<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\/etc\/fstab<\/code> : \u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u6302\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u5f85\u6302\u8f7d\u8bbe\u5907<\/th>\n<th>\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9<\/th>\n<th>\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u683c\u5f0f<\/th>\n<th>\u6302\u8f7d\u53c2\u6570<\/th>\n<th>\u8f6c\u50a8\u9891\u7387<\/th>\n<th>\u81ea\u68c0\u987a\u5e8f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>proc<\/td>\n<td>\/proc<\/td>\n<td>proc<\/td>\n<td>defaults<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/dev\/mapper\/vg0-usr<\/td>\n<td>\/usr<\/td>\n<td>ext4<\/td>\n<td>defaults<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f85\u6302\u8f7d\u8bbe\u5907 : \u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5377\u6807 LABEL=xxxx \u6216 UUID=xxxx \u65b9\u5f0f<\/li>\n<li>\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9 : \u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\uff0c\u5982 swap \u5206\u533a\uff0c\u6302\u8f7d\u70b9\u5373\u4e3a swap<\/li>\n<li>\u6302\u8f7d\u9009\u9879 : \u4e00\u822c\u4e3a defaults\uff0c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u591a\u4e2a\u7684\u8bdd\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u9694\u5f00<\/li>\n<li>\u8f6c\u50a8\u9891\u7387 : \u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c dump \u9891\u7387\uff0c0\u662f\u4ece\u4e0d\u5907\u4efd\uff0c1\u4e3a\u6bcf\u5929\u5907\u4efd\uff0c2\u4e3a2\u5929\u5907\u4efd\u4e00\u6b21<\/li>\n<li>\u81ea\u68c0\u987a\u5e8f : \u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u68c0\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c1\u4e3a\u9996\u5148\u81ea\u68c0\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u72ec\u6709\uff0c2~9\u4e3a\u5148\u540e\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u81ea\u68c0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"7\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\" class=\"clickable-header\">7\u3001\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u4ea4\u6362\u5206\u533a\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u591f\u7528\u65f6\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u50a8\u5230\u786c\u76d8\uff0c\u5728 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">\/proc\/sys\/vm\/swapiness<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6709\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u503e\u5411\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1b\u4e00\u822c\u5f53\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u5c0f\u4e8e 2G \u901a\u5e38\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 2*\u7269\u7406\u5185\u5b58\uff0c2~4G \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a4G\uff0c\u5f53\u5927\u4e8e4G\u65f6\u7f72\u540d\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5bf9\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">free<\/code> : \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-h<\/code> : \u4ee5\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-s #<\/code> : \u6bcf\u9694 # \u79d2\u6253\u5370\u4e00\u6b21\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-c #<\/code> : \u4e0e -s \u914d\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6253\u5370 # \u6b21\u540e\u505c\u6b62\u6253\u5370<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">dd<\/code> : \u4f4e\u7ea7\u590d\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\uff0cdd \u547d\u4ee4\u4f1a\u8de8\u8fc7\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f4\u63a5\u590d\u5236\u78c1\u76d8\u5757\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8ecp\u5c5e\u4e8e\u66f4\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7684\u590d\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">if<\/code> : input file\uff0c\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">of<\/code> : out file\uff0c\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">bs<\/code> : \u6bcf\u6b21\u590d\u5236\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ef\u9009 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">[b|kb|m|g]<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">count<\/code> : \u590d\u5236\u5757\u6b21\u6570<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">oflag=FLAGS<\/code> : \u521b\u5efa\u7a00\u758f\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">dd if=\/dev\/sda of=\/dev\/sdb<\/code> : \u78c1\u76d8\u5bf9\u62f7<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">dd if=\/dev\/cdrom of=\/tmp\/linux.iso<\/code> : iso \u955c\u50cf\u63d0\u53d6<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/dev\/sda bs=512 count=1<\/code> : \u62b9\u6389MBR<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">dd if=\/dev\/zero of=\/swapfile bs=512M count=1<\/code> : \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a 512M \u7684\u672c\u5730\u56de\u73af\u8bbe\u5907\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"8\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0e\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\" class=\"clickable-header\">8\u3001\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0e\u786c\u94fe\u63a5<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u786c\u94fe\u63a5 :<\/strong> \u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u5206\u533a\u4e0a\u591a\u4e2a\u8def\u5f84\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u540c\u4e00 inode \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c<strong>\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0d\u53ef\u8de8\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55\u65e0\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5 :<\/strong> \u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e14 inode \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8f6f\u8fde\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684 inode \u4e2d\u4f1a\u5b58\u50a8\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u8de8\u5206\u533a\uff0c\u53ef\u5bf9\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">ln SOURCE_FILE TARGET_FILE<\/code> : \u521b\u5efa\u786c\u94fe\u63a5\u6587\u4ef6\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-s<\/code> : \u521b\u5efa\u8f6f\u94fe\u63a5<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-v<\/code> : \u663e\u793a\u521b\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"9\u538b\u7f29\u5de5\u5177\" class=\"clickable-header\">9\u3001\u538b\u7f29\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">zip<\/code> : \u5f52\u6863\u538b\u7f29\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u8f93\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u76ee\u5f55\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u60f3\u538b\u7f29\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u6307\u5b9a\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982 <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">zip tmp.zip \/tmp\/*<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">gzip<\/code>\u3001<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">gunzip<\/code> : gzip SRC TARGET \u538b\u7f29(\u5220\u9664\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6)\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-d<\/code> : \u540c gunzip \u89e3\u538b\u7f29(\u5220\u9664\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6)<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-c<\/code> : \u5c06\u538b\u7f29\u7ed3\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u5230 STDOUT\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u7b49\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u64cd\u4f5c<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-r<\/code> : \u9012\u5f52\u538b\u7f29\u6307\u5b9a\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-#<\/code> : \u8bbe\u7f6e\u538b\u7f29\u7387\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba46\uff0c\u53d6\u503c1~9\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u538b\u7f29\u547d\u4ee4\u540c\u6837\u652f\u6301<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">zcat<\/code> : \u4e0d\u89e3\u538b\u67e5\u770b gzip \u538b\u7f29\u5305\u5185\u5bb9\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-l<\/code> : \u5217\u51fa\u538b\u7f29\u5305\u5185\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-r<\/code> : \u9012\u5f52\u5217\u51fa\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">bzip2<\/code>\u3001<code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">bunzip2<\/code> : bzip2 \u538b\u7f29\u547d\u4ee4\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-d<\/code> : \u89e3\u538b\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">k<\/code> : \u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u6587\u4ef6\u538b\u7f29\/\u89e3\u538b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">bzcat<\/code> : \u4e0d\u89e3\u538b\u67e5\u770b bzip2 \u538b\u7f29\u5305\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">xz<\/code> : xz \u538b\u7f29\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u538b\u7f29\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u538b\u7f29\u5220\u9664\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-d<\/code> : \u89e3\u538b\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">xzcat<\/code> : \u4e0d\u89e3\u538b\u67e5\u770b xz \u538b\u7f29\u5305\u5185\u5bb9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"10\u5f52\u6863\u5de5\u5177\" class=\"clickable-header\">10\u3001\u5f52\u6863\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">tar<\/code> : \u521b\u5efa\u5f52\u6863\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u547d\u4ee4\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a <code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">tar [options] -f FILE.tar File1...<\/code>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6587\u4ef6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u76ee\u5f55\n<ul>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-c<\/code> : \u521b\u5efa\u5f52\u6863<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-x<\/code> : \u5c55\u5f00\u5f52\u6863<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-t<\/code> : \u4e0d\u5c55\u5f00\u67e5\u770b\u5f52\u6863\u6587\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-z<\/code> : \u8c03\u7528 gzip \u538b\u7f29<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-j<\/code> : \u8c03\u7528 bzip2 \u538b\u7f29<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-J<\/code> : \u8c03\u7528 xz \u538b\u7f29<\/li>\n<li><code class=\"highlighter-rouge\">-v<\/code> : \u5c55\u793a\u8fc7\u7a0b \u8f6c\u8f7d\u8bf7\u6ce8\u660e\u51fa\u5904\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u91c7\u7528 <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/\">CC4.0<\/a> \u534f\u8bae\u6388\u6743<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e00\u3001\u57fa\u7840 1\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u547d\u4ee4 tty : \u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7ec8\u7aef\u7c7b\u578b \u8fd4\u56de\u503c \u7ec8\u7aef\u7c7b\u578b \/dev\/pst\/# \u4f2a\u7ec8\u7aef \/dev\/tty# \u865a\u62df\u7ec8\u7aef \/dev\/console \u7269\u7406\u7ec8\u7aef \/dev\/ttys# \u4e32\u884c\u7ec8\u7aef who : \u67e5\u770b\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237 bashname : [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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